Concentration Year	Category	Item	Commentary
9	NC DPI	6.01 Demonstrate an understanding of conventional written and spoken expression that: uses varying sentence types (e.g., simple, compound, complex, compound-complex) purposefully, correctly, and for specific effect. selects verb tense to show an appropriate sense of time. applies parts of speech to clarify and edit language. addresses clarity and style through such strategies as parallelism; appropriate coordination and subordination; variety and details; appropriate and exact words; and conciseness. analyzes the place and role of dialects and standard/nonstandard English. uses vocabulary strategies such as roots and affixes, word maps, and context clues to discern the meanings of words. 6.02 Discern and correct errors in spoken and written English by: avoiding fragments, run-ons, and comma splices. selecting correct subject-verb agreement, consistent verb tense, and appropriate verbs. using and placing modifiers correctly. editing for spelling and mechanics (punctuation and capitalization).
9	RCHS	Parts of Speech	See Hacker 405, 412, 416
9	RCHS	Sentence boundaries	See Hacker 204 (definition of a sentence), 203, 209
9	RCHS	apostrophes	See Hacker 264
9	RCHS	semicolons	See Hacker 259
9	RCHS	Subject-verb agreement	See Hacker 164

10	NC DPI	6.01 Demonstrate an understanding of conventional written and spoken expression by: employing varying sentence structures (e.g., inversion, introductory phrases) and sentence types (e.g., simple, compound, complex, compound-complex). analyzing authors’ choice of words, sentence structure, and use of language. using word recognition strategies to understand vocabulary and exact word choice (Greek, Latin roots and affixes, analogies, idioms, denotation, connotation). examining textual and classroom language for elements such as idioms, denotation, and connotation to apply effectively in own writing/speaking. using correct form/format for essays, business letters, research papers, bibliographies. using language effectively to create mood and tone. 6.02 Edit for: · subject-verb agreement, tense choice, pronoun usage, clear antecedents, correct case, and complete sentences. · appropriate and correct mechanics (commas, italics, underlining, semicolon, colon, apostrophe, quotation marks).
10	RCHS	Commas Relative clauses Introductory elements a) Adverb phrases/clauses b) Conjunctive adverbs c) Direct addressCoordinate adjectives Unnecessary commas a) compound predicates b) between verb and subject c) concluding adverb phrases/clauses d) cumulative adjectives	See Hacker 244
10	RCHS	Quotations Quotation punctuation MLA parenthetical documentation The quotation sandwich	See Hacker 267
10	RCHS	Pronouns	See Hacker 188
10	RCHS	Numbers	See Hacker 296

11	NC DPI	6.01 Demonstrate an understanding of the conventions of language by: decoding vocabulary using knowledge of Anglo-Saxon, Greek, and Latin bases and affixes. discerning the relationship of word meanings between pairs of words in analogies (synonyms/antonyms, connotation/denotation). revising writing to enhance voice and style, sentence variety, subtlety of meaning, and tone in considerations of questions being addressed, purpose, audience, and genres. contrasting use of language conventions of authors in different time periods of United States literature. analyzing the power of standard usage over nonstandard usage in formal settings such a job interviews, academic environment, or public speaking events. 6.02 Discern and correct errors in speaking and writing at a level appropriate to eleventh grade by: reviewing and refining purposeful use of varying sentence types with correct punctuation. reviewing and refining correct pronoun usage, antecedents, and case. refining subject/verb agreement and choice of tense. extending effective use of phrases and clauses. discussing parts of speech as they relate to writing. editing for correct spelling and mechanics.
11	RCHS	Passive voice	See Hacker 144
11	RCHS	Active Verbs	See Hacker 142
11	RCHS	Parallelism	See Hacker 97
11	RCHS	Dashes	See Hacker 275
11	RCHS	Colons	See Hacker 262
11	RCHS	Parenthesis	See Hacker 277

12	NC DPI	6.01 Apply knowledge of literary terms, grammar, and rhetoric in order to write clearly, succinctly, and accurately by: understanding how to use and apply grammatical, metaphorical, or rhetorical devices. recognizing how to use different language conventions (such as loose or periodic sentences, effective use of passive voice, or the importance of strong verbs). revising writing to enhance voice and style, sentence variety, subtlety of meaning, and tone in considerations of questions being addressed, purpose, audience, and genres. contrasting use of language conventions of authors in different time periods of British literature. analyzing the power of standard usage over nonstandard usage in formal settings such a job interviews, academic presentations, or public speaking events. 6.02 Discern and correct errors in speaking and writing by: reviewing and refining purposeful use of various sentence types. editing for correct punctuation, spelling, mechanics, and standard edited American English. using appropriate transitional words and phrases.
12	RCHS	Precision	See Hacker 100, 113, 188, 153
12	RCHS	Modifier Placement	See Hacker 104
12	RCHS	Wordiness	See Hacker 139
12	RCHS	Coordination and Subordination	See Hacker 116
12	RCHS	Sentence variety	See Hacker 120